Estimating Irrigation Scheduling for Field Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) using the CROPWAT 8.0 Model in the Temperate Region of Kashmir
Estimating Irrigation Scheduling for Field Pea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21921/jas.v10i02.12721Keywords:
CROPWAT 8.0, Irrigation scheduling, Pea, KashmirAbstract
Irrigation scheduling involves determining the appropriate timing and quantity of water to apply. In this study, CROPWAT 8.0 model was employed as a decision-making tool for irrigation scheduling. The objective was to estimate the water requirement, irrigation demand, and optimal timing of irrigation for field Pea cultivation. Inputs for the CROPWAT 8.0 model, like soil characteristics, climate conditions, crop information, and rainfall data were collected. The analysis revealed, the lowest daily crop water requirement was 0.39 mm, occurring during the second decade of December, while the highest requirement of 3.60 mm was observed during the second decade of May. The total water requirement for field Pea cultivation was estimated to be 269.8 mm, while the irrigation demand amounted to 253.7 mm. Based on these findings, which was suitable for the specific agro-ecological conditions. Ideally, it is advisable to adjust the irrigation interval based on the crop's growth stage, ensuring that soil moisture stress does not become a limiting factor in achieving maximum yield. By considering input-output parameters, this approach can help avoid over- or under-irrigation. In summary, the estimation of irrigation scheduling using the CROPWAT 8.0 model provides a valuable and efficient means of generating information for users, enabling them to make informed decisions promptly.
References
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D and Smith M. 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56; FAO: Rome, Italy.
Anonymous. 2020. Census & economic information centre. Agriculture Production & Farmers Welfare Department. https://www.ceicdata.com/.
Anonymous. 2023. The World Bank Water in Agriculture. Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in agriculture.
Chai Q, Gan Y, Zhao C, Xu HL, Waskom RM, Niu Y and Siddique KHM. 2016. Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 36: 1–21.
Doorenbos J and Kassam A. 1979. Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage, Paper 33; FAO, United Nation: Rome, Italy.
Eck M, Murray A, Ward AR and Konrad C. 2020. Influence of growing season temperature and precipitation anomalies on crop yield in the southeastern United States. Agric. For. Meteorol. 291: 108053.
FAO. 2015. Yield gap analysis of field crops: Methods and case studies Rome. Italy.
Gao Z, Liang XG, Lin S, Zhao X, Zhang L, Zhou LL, Shen S and Zhou SL. 2017. Supplemental irrigation at tasseling optimizes water and nitrogen distribution for high-yield production in spring maize. Field Crops Res. 209: 120–128.
Jeet P, Patel N and Rajput TBS. 2016. On-farm balancing reservoir design on the basis of canal water availability and ground water quality. Journal of AgriSearch 3(1): 26-31.
Kang S, Liang Z, Pan Y, Shi P and Zhang J. 2000. Alternate furrow irrigation for maize production in an arid area. Agric. Water Manag. 45: 267–274.
Khuhro WA, Kandhro MN, Sadiq N, Jakhro MI, Amanullah Naseer NS and Latif, S.A. 2018. Impact of irrigation stress on agronomic traits of promising wheat varieties in Tandojam-Pakistan. Pure Appl. Biol. 7: 714–720.
Meena RP, Tripathi S, Sharma R, Chhokar R, Chander S and Jha A. 2018. Role of precision irrigation scheduling and residue-retention practices on water-use efficiency and wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield in north-western plains of India. Indian J. Agron. 54: 34–47.
Memon SA, Sheikh IA, Talpur MA and Mangrio MA. 2021. Impact of deficit irrigation strategies on winter wheat in semi-arid climate of Sindh. Agric. Water Manag. 243: 106389.
Pequeno DNL, Hernández-Ochoa IM, Reynolds M, Sonder K, Moleromilan A, Robertson RD, Lopes MS, Xiong W, Kropff M and Asseng S. 2021. Climate impact and adaptation to heat and drought stress of regional and global wheat production. Environ. Res. Lett. 16: 054070.
Qiu GY, Wang L, He X, Zhang X, Chen S, Chen J and Yang Y. 2008. Water use efficiency and evapotranspiration of winter wheat and its response to irrigation regime in the north China plain. Agric. For. Meteorol. 148: 1848–1859.
Smith M. 1993. CLIMWAT for CROPWAT, a Climatic Data Base for Irrigation Planning and Management; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 49; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy, pp. 113.
Tsakmakis ID, Zoidou M, Gikas GD and Sylaios GK. 2018. Impact of irrigation technologies and strategies on cotton water footprint using AquaCrop and CROPWAT models. Environ. Process. 5: 181–199.
Wang FX, Wu XX, Shock CC, Chu LY, Gu XX and Xue X. 2011. Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality under plastic mulch in arid Northwestern China. Field Crops Res. 122: 78–84.
Yang H, Du T, Qiu R, Chen J, Wang F, Li Y, Wang C, Gao L and Kang S. 2017. Improved water use efficiency and fruit quality of greenhouse crops under regulated deficit irrigation in northwest China. Agric. Water Manag. 179: 193–204.
Zhang T, Zou Y, Kisekka I, Biswas A and Cai H. 2021. Comparison of different irrigation methods to synergistically improve maize’s yield, water productivity and economic benefits in an arid irrigation area. Agric. Water Manag. 243: 106497.
